Four Traditional Sentence Patterns
I. Clauses:
Definition: Clauses are the building blocks of
sentences. A clause is a group
of words that contains at least a subject and a verb.
1. Independent Clauses
(Main Clause)
Kinds
of Clauses
2.
Dependent Clauses (Subordinate Clause)
1.
Independent Clauses:
An independent
clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence by
itself.
Form:
sub + verb + (complement)
-
I
want to study academic writing English.
-
She
is my sister.
-
I
am a clever student in Angkor Language School.
-
Vathana
is working in the office.
-
I
have studied English for two years.
2.
Dependent Clauses:
A dependent
clause begins with a subordinator such as when, while, if, that, as long as,
although, even though, even if, so long as, ……
Subordinator + sub +
verb + (complement)
Example:
.………. although students normally spend many years in collage.
……….. when she tells me about the problem.
……….. if you want to know about the real situation.
……….. while I was writing the articles.
……….. even though she doesn’t love me.
……….. even if I don’t have money to pay for my school.
……….. in spite of the fact that she is angry with me.
II.Clause Connectors:
a. Subordinators ( Subordinating Conjunctions)
After, before,
that, when, which, although, even though, though, whenever, while, as, how,
unless, where, who, as if, if, until, wherever, whom, as soon as, since, what,
whether, whose, because, so that…
b. Coordinators
(Coordinating Conjunctions)
for, and, nor, but, or, yet,
so( FANBOYS)
c. Conjunctive Adverbs
Accordingly,
furthermore, in contrast, meanwhile, on the other hand, besides, hence, indeed,
moreover, otherwise, consequently, however, in stead, nevertheless, therefore,
for example, in addition, likewise, nonetheless, thus,……………
III. Kinds of Sentences:
Sentence is a
group of words that are used to communicate your idea. Every sentence is formed
from one or more clauses and expresses a complete thought.
There are
basically four kinds of sentences:
1. Simple Sentence
2. Compound Sentence
3. Complex Sentence
4. Compound-Complex Sentence
1.
Simple Sentence:
A simple sentence
is one independent clause. A simple sentence has a single subject-verb
agreement. A simple sentence may have more than one subject, more than one verb
or several subjects and verbs.
Example:
-
The
children smiled and waved at us.
-
My
brother wants to go to Battambang next week.
-
The
doctor tells me about my serious illness.
-
Dara
and Chanta drove home.
-
The
prime minister and the lawyer are talking about the economic crisis.
-
The
wind and water dried my hair.
-
Sreyneang
and Linda are singing and playing piano.
-
The
students and the teacher in the class are reading, listening, and doing
exercises.
2.
Compound Sentence:
A compound
sentence is made up of two (or more) simple sentences. The compound sentences
are formed with:
a.
/ Compound Sentence with Coordinating Conjunctions
Form: independent
clause + , + coordinating conjunction(FANBOYS) +
independent clause
Example:
-
God made the earth, and people made the world.
-
Our hoard is little, but our heart is great.
-
He must surrender, or he will die.
-
You must go to school, for to day it is the exam day.
-
Many American don’t eat a healthy diet, nor do they get
enough exercise.
-
Many Japanese men smoke, yet the Japanese have long life
experiences.
-
Many tourists come to visit Angkor Wat, so the government
has to concentrate on the security problem.
b.
/ Compound Sentence with Conjunctive Adverb
independent
clause + ; + conjunctive adv. + , + independent clause
Example:
-
The
earthquake damaged the wall structure; moreover, it broke some water pipes.
-
Student
must take the final exam; otherwise, they will receive a bad result.
-
English
speakers have different needs; therefore, most schools provide separate English
classes.
c.
/ Compound Sentence with Semicolons
independent clause + ; +
independent clause
Example:
-
I
have studied English for along time; I can’t speak it well.
-
I
must try hard to study; I will receive a good result.
-
My
mother never study English, she can speak to the foreigners.
-
I
am very old now to continue my studying; I should have time to go to the pagoda.
-
You
should tell your parents about your mistakes; you will be caught by polices.
3.
Complex Sentence:
A complex
sentence is made up of one independent clause and one (or more) dependent
clause.
Example:
-
Although woman could own property, they could not vote.
-
If they win election, they promise to warmly help our
people who live in this village.
-
We appeal to them for food and water because we are
starving to death.
-
Manufacturers can reduce output if they know this.
-
Though students have money, he can’t buy the knowledge.
-
Cambodia, which was the peaceful country, is now a land
full of dangers.
-
Children who study at public school don’t pay the money
-
A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.
4.
Compound-Complex Sentence:
A
compound-complex sentence is a combination of two (or more) independent clauses
and one (or more) dependent clause.
Example:
-
I want to travel after I graduated from collage; however,
I had to go to work immediately.
-
Although women could own property, they could not vote,
nor do they are elected to the public office.
-
The house whose roof has thousand of hole belongs to
Molika, but now they sell it to her uncle because it is very old.
-
When the power line snapped, Jack was listening to the
stereo, and Linda was reading in bed.
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